IASS-IWSS: Robustness
The IASS–IWSS 2026 joint conference brought together the annual symposium of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) and the Italian Workshop on Shell and Spatial Structures (IWSS). Held in Turin, Italy, its theme was R-Evolution of Shapes: Sustainability, Re-Use, and New Design Paradigms.
We presented A Load Redistribution Approach for Enhancing Robustness in Highly Optimized 3D Spatial Frame Structures . The paper examines how a highly optimised steel space frame can withstand the loss of an individual member by redistributing loads through the remaining structure.
Using a large spatial frame developed for an industrial facility in France, the study combines member-removal analysis with dynamic analysis to assess robustness and the additional steel required. It shows how a more detailed understanding of the structure’s response can help maintain resistance to disproportionate collapse while limiting extra material and embodied carbon.
To learn more about the project, see our Flying Whales project page .

